It is customary to qualify diabetes mellitus as an endocrinological pathology with a serious clinical picture. In this case, the initial stages of the disease are often asymptomatic or are characterized by polymorphism of manifestations. However, there are certain signs of pathology that you can learn from the material below.
Signs of diabetes in women
Throughout life, the body of the fairer sex undergoes numerous hormonal changes. These changes often result in the development of type 2 diabetes. It should also be borne in mind that women are more likely to "jam" psychological problems with a lot of junk food. This behavior also negatively affects the course of metabolic processes.
As for type 1 diabetes, it develops in girls under the age of 25 and does not depend on hormonal status. At the same time, women during pregnancy are at risk, often diagnosed with symptoms of the gestational form of the disease, which is transient. Common symptoms of diabetes in women include:
- slow wound healing;
- somnolence;
- hair loss;
- itching of the most different location;
- constant thirst;
- weight loss without diets;
- increased appetite;
- frequent profuse urination.
Diabetes symptoms in men
The stronger sex, for the most part, prefer to ignore the body's alarming signals about trouble. Against the background of abdominal obesity in men, there is often a relative insufficiency in the production of the glucose transporter hormone. Unlike epinephrine, insulin is not able to effectively break down accumulated deposits. Due to the active activity of the stress hormone, a large amount of fatty acids rush to the liver, preventing normal tissue nutrition due to glucose. In general, the symptoms of diabetes in men are identical to those in women.
How does diabetes manifest in children?
A high blood glucose level in a child could be due to obesity or a genetic predisposition. However, in the scientific community there are often discussions about the infectious nature of this phenomenon. Such views can be complemented by the statements of some experts who consider diabetes mellitus (especially juvenile) as a post-vaccination complication. As a result, adults should respond appropriately if a child develops the following symptoms after vaccination:
- constant thirst;
- enuresis;
- to vomit;
- weight loss against the background of increased appetite;
- private skin infections;
- decreased motor and mental activity.
first signs
It is not easy to recognize the disease at an early stage of development due to the polymorphism of its signs. As a rule, bodily signals are confused with overexertion and fatigue. The clinical picture in the secondary form of the pathology may be completely absent until the patient goes into a hyperglycemic coma or suffers a heart attack or stroke. The disease of the first type, most often, is initially manifested by serious conditions in the form of characteristic acute attacks. However, it is important to note that early symptoms of diabetes can include:
- The patient is unable to lift the big toe off the floor.
- When the palms of the hands touch, only the fingertips are in the direct contact zone.
- There is enuresis (if it is a child).
- There are dental problems.
- There is a marked deterioration in vision.
Symptoms of latent diabetes
In most cases, the disease develops unnoticed by a person. The manifestation of a hidden process occurs against the background of stress, infectious and autoimmune injuries of the body. At the same time, latent diabetes mellitus is considered more dangerous than overt diabetes. Experts note that with a latent form of the disease, the negative consequences of pancreatic dysfunction are often diagnosed, among which the so-called diabetic foot syndrome occupies a special place. In this sense, it would be appropriate to name the main symptoms of latent diabetes:
- sensation of dryness in the mouth;
- headache;
- detection of acetone in urine analysis;
- increased fatigue.
How to distinguish the type of diabetes
High blood sugar levels are known to appear as a result of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Highlighting any symptoms of diabetes in men, women or children, it is important to mention that each form of pathology differs in the degree of damage to special cells (Islets of Langerhans) located in the body of the pancreas and synthesizing much-needed insulin for the body. With the complete defeat of these formations, the production of biologically active substances necessary for the transport of glucose becomes impossible.
The second type of diabetes is characterized by the preservation of the functional activity of the islets of Langerhans, but the insulin produced in this case is not able to supply glucose to the tissues and organs due to the high concentration of fatty acids in the human body . Patients with this type of pathology with an active lifestyle and special diet usually do not need parenteral administration of the hormone.
Type 1 symptoms
As noted earlier, the development of absolute failure to produce insulin begins with an acute reaction of the body to increased blood sugar. It also happens that a person is aware that they have a high risk of developing these problems. In this situation, the patient undergoes preventive examinations to detect the disease in a timely manner. With this approach, the process rarely scales up. Meanwhile, in people suffering from type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia often occurs due to incorrect insulin dosage. In addition, in the primary form of the pathology, it is observed:
- strong thirst;
- the smell of acetone from the mouth;
- consumption of large amounts of a wide variety of foods;
- polyuria;
- slow wound surface healing;
- diabetic ketoacidosis;
- skin problems in the form of frequent yeast infections and boils.
How does type 2 manifest itself?
The relative insufficiency of insulin production has a milder clinical picture. The patient's sugar level may remain within the normal range for a long time. Test results, as a rule, change for the worse when diabetes becomes acute. Up to this point, patients do not give importance to a marked weight loss and a decrease in physical activity. In addition to the above signs, in type 2 diabetes, the following changes in the functioning of the body can be observed:
- rapid fatigability;
- somnolence;
- osteoporosis;
- tired appearance;
- kidney pathology, often leading to diabetic nephropathy;
- wounds that do not heal on the skin;
- itch;
- sudden hair loss;
- disorientation;
- tingling and numbness of the extremities.